ABSTRACT
O artigo objetiva colocar em análise as referências sócio-políticas presentes na emergência do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e seus efeitos nas práticas de garantia de direitos, a partir de uma experiência de participação em uma rede de serviços ao infantojuvenil. Para tanto se destaca o percurso histórico e político da formulação da lei, dando ênfase à presença do pensamento neoliberal, como organizado pelo UNICEF com seu trabalho de articulação dos movimentos e das propostas que compõem o ECA. Tendo como referência análises sobre o direito como mecanismo liberal de governo, as ideias são fundamentadas em autores clássicos como Marx e Foucault, bem como em uma literatura contemporânea brasileira que acompanha os 30 anos de execução da lei. Aponta-se para o paradoxo trazido pela execução da política de garantia de direitos sustentada em parcerias público-privadas, sob a lógica e os princípios das múltiplas faces do privado.(AU)
This article aims at analyzing the social and political references of the emergency of the Child and Adolescent Statue (CAS), as well as its effects in the guaranty of rights practices, parting from an experience of participation in a service net for infants and adolescents. We highlight the historical and political processes of the law's formulation, emphasizing the presence of the neoliberal thought, as organized by UNICEF, while it articulated the movements and proposals that compose the CAS. Understanding the right as a liberal mechanism of government, we found our ideas on classical authors as Marx and Foucault, as well as on a contemporary Brazilian literature that follows the 30 years of execution of the law. We point out to the paradox brought by the execution of a policy of rights guaranty sustained in public-private agreements, under the logic and the principles of the multiple faces of the private sense.(AU)
El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los referentes sociopolíticos presentes en el surgimiento del Estatuto de la Niñez y la Adolescencia y sus efectos en las prácticas de garantía de derechos, a partir de una experiencia de participación en una red de servicios para la niñez y la adolescencia. Para ello, se destaca la trayectoria histórica y política de la formulación de la ley, destacando la presencia del pensamiento neoliberal, como lo organiza UNICEF con su labor de articulación de los movimientos y propuestas que integran la ECA. Basadas en análisis del derecho como mecanismo liberal de gobierno, las ideas se basan en autores clásicos como Marx y Foucault, así como en la literatura brasileña contemporánea que sigue a los 30 años de aplicación de la ley. Señala la paradoja que genera la ejecución de la política de garantía de derechos sustentada en alianzas público-privadas, bajo la lógica y los principios de las múltiples caras de lo privado.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child Advocacy , Human RightsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for exploring the way to improve the ability of pharmaceutical care in primary pharmaceutical staff. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was conducted among pharmaceutical staff(including head of pharmacy department),director/vice-director of hospital in charge of pharmacy,medical staff and patients from primary medical institutions in 9 provinces(regions,cities). The results of investigation were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:A total of 77 primary medical institutions involved in the survey. Totally of 2 273 questionnaires were sent out,and 2 248 effective questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 98.9%. Among effective questionnaires,278 questionnaires were filled out by pharmaceutical staff (68 by head of pharmacy department),48 by director/vice-director of hospital in charge of pharmacy,771 by medical staff and 1 151 by patients. Results of survey showed that only 140 pharmaceutical staff had obtained pharmacy practice qualification,accounting for 50.4%. The surveyed primary medical institutions provided limited pharmaceutical care projects,and the projects with high proportion were medication explanation(85.7%)and medication consultation(84.4%). The establishment of Health Service Record Card in elderly patients(19.5%),the development of chronic disease management(23.4%)and the development of chronic disease related pharmaceutical knowledge publicity at the primary level(37.7%)took up low proportion relatively. Overall satisfaction of surveyed medical staff to pharmaceutical care of pharmaceutical staff was general(77.2%). Surveyed patients greatly satisfied with the attitude of pharmaceutical staff(85.5%)but overall satisfaction of them to professional knowledge of pharmaceutical staff(78.2%)was general. Surveyed pharmaceutical staff training needs in descending order were medication explanation(74.5%),medication counseling(71.9%)and providing pharmaceutical information(64.0%). However,the projects which had low proportion of training needs included chronic disease management(22.3%)and lifestyle guidance (27.0%),etc. The more favorite training forms in descending order were further study in medical institution at higher level(65.4%),expert lectures(60.1%)and training in the training base (57.9%). CONCLUSIONS:The primary medical institutions provided limited pharmaceutical care. It is necessary to further explore and standardize pharmaceutical care criteria. The overall satisfaction of medical staff and patients on pharmaceutical care of pharmaceutical staff is not high in primary institutions,and it needs to be further improved. The related pharmacy training for primary pharmaceutical staff still needs to be strengthened,and can be conducted according to the favorite form of training so as to improve the ability of pharmaceutical care.
ABSTRACT
Background: Statue determination has remained a basic requirement in determining human identity and ethnicity. Usually in situations when whole anatomical structures are unavailable, forensic expert would be expected to rely on smaller structures such as the phalanges, patella ribs and other fragmentary bones. Aim: The present study evaluates toe anthropometry and its usability as predictors of the stature of the Hausa ethnic group in Nigeria. Methods: Six hundred and sixty four (664) subjects comprising of equal percentage of adult males and females were included in the study group. Toe lengths of both feet (coded as big toe or first toe [1T] to the fifth toes [5T]) were measured using a digital Vernier calliper with accuracy of 0.01mm while stature was taken using a stadiometer with accuracy of 0.1m. SPSS (IBM®) t-test was to evaluate gender difference in the measured dimensions; while SPSS and XLSTAT (2015) Automatic & Generalized Linear Modelling were used to determine the predictability of stature from the toe lengths. The significance level was set at 95% as P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The automatic (multiple) regression analysis showed that the males displayed significantly higher mean values than the females for all measured parameters (P<0.001). The general population regression formulae were derived and only three (3) variables (R2T, R5T and L3T) significant contributors to the models for stature prediction for the general Gp (R2=0.385, F[3, 660]=137.68, P<0.001) and female F (R2=0.137, F[3, 328]=17.367, P<0.001) population, while only the L.1T could predict male M stature (R2=0.139, F[1, 330] = 54.489, P<0.001). Single regression gender-specific formulae were derived for the measurements that provided significant R2 values. Conclusion: This study suggested that estimation of a stature of Hausa ethnic group could be made possible by using specific toe measurements. However, lengths of toe may not be so reliable in the estimation of stature, but could be used for sex discrimination in forensic investigation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the development and status quo of narcotics and psychotropic substances (NPS) in China since 1949,and to provide evidence for perfection of NPS control work in China. METHODS:The development and status quo of controlled substances control by China since 1949 were summarized and analyzed through retrieving and collecting literatures,re-ports and policies about NPS from domestic and foreign databases,news reports and related website. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:Chinese narcotics and psychotropic substances control dated back to the release of Interim Regulations on Narcotics Con-trol in 1950 and Regulations on Narcotics Control,Drug Administration Law and other regulations have been issued. It had experi-enced the progress from no legal basis to having laws to follow and from executive-leading to legalization. Narcotics and psychotro-pic substances were gradually unified in systematic control,and the level of regulations rised from department rules to administra-tion regulation. At present,with Regulations on Narcotics and Psychotropic Drugs Control (2005) as regulatory basis and cata-logue of narcotics and psychotropic substances(2013)as object,China Food and Drug Administration are in charge of the national regulation,cooperating with health department,agricultural department,traffic department and other departments.
ABSTRACT
The elderly are the most rapidly growing segment of the population in Korea and the largest consumers of expensive medical care. It is reasonable to believe that improving the nutritional status would be beneficial to reducing morbidity and to improving the quality of their lives. This study was conducted to assess the health status and the Nutritional Risk Index of the elderly, and to provide the basic data for the Elderly Nutrition Improvement Program at the Public Health Center. One hundred and forty seven(76 males. 71 females) aged 60 years and over living in Suwon, were assessed with anthropometric measurements, body fat analysis, blood pressure measurements, and a set of about health and other related variables. Over half of them had less than a junior middle school education and were considered low income. The percentage of overweight and obese subjects was 33% by the BMI(Body Mass Index), and the prevalence of hypertension was 28%(males) and 31%(females). They had a lot of self-recognized health problems, the male elderly complained about more than the female elderly. In the case of psychological health status, however, the female elderly showed a higher proportions of depression than the male elderly(p<0.05). In social health status, the elderly had good relationships with friends and collegues, whereas they had poor relationships with their families. They had many nutritional risk factors, and smoking was the most prevalent risk factor for the male elderly and anemia was for the female elderly. The results of this study suggest that Elderly Nutrition Improvement Programs should be planned that can be easily followed. It would be helpful to design a program focusing on individual phychological and social health status, this would increase the efficiency of the program.